TFF3 vs Endomorphin-1
Head-to-head comparison of TFF3 (Trefoil Factor 3 (intestinal trefoil factor)) and Endomorphin-1 (Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2) — benefits, dosing, side effects, research data, and where to buy.
Research Score
| Property | TFF3 | Endomorphin-1 |
|---|---|---|
| Category | Gastrointestinal | Pain Management |
| Full Name | Trefoil Factor 3 (intestinal trefoil factor) | Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2 |
| Molecular Weight | 6370 Da | 610.71 Da |
| Half-Life | unknown; likely short in circulation | Minutes in plasma |
| Amino Acids | 59 | 4 |
| Typical Dose | research-only; model-dependent microgram to milligram ranges | 0.1-10 ug per animal |
| Route | Oral/Intrarectal | Intrathecal / subcutaneous |
| Purity | ≥98% | ≥98% |
| Studies Count | 70 | 600 |
| Research Status | Pre-clinical | Pre-clinical |
TFF3 Benefits
- ✓epithelial-restitution
- ✓mucus-support
- ✓wound-healing
- ✓barrier-stability
Endomorphin-1 Benefits
- ✓mu-opioid selectivity
- ✓potent antinociception
- ✓endogenous peptide scaffold
- ✓useful for receptor-discovery studies
TFF3 Dosing
preclinical dosing varies widely by model|local or systemic administration|repeated dosing for inflammatory injury studies
Endomorphin-1 Dosing
Intrathecal 0.1-10 ug per animal|Subcutaneous 0.1-5 ug per animal|In vitro 0.1-100 nM
TFF3 Side Effects
- ⚠limited human dosing data
- ⚠protein stability issues
- ⚠potential immunogenicity with exogenous use
Endomorphin-1 Side Effects
- ⚠respiratory depression at high exposure
- ⚠sedation
- ⚠tolerance and dependence potential
Research Overview
TFF3
TFF3 is a well-established mucosal repair factor in the literature, especially in the context of intestinal injury and inflammation. Experimental studies support a role in accelerating restitution and protecting the epithelial surface in gut disease models.
Endomorphin-1
Endomorphin-1 is a key research peptide in studies of endogenous mu-opioid signaling and spinal analgesia. Like other peptide analgesics, its main translational hurdles are enzymatic instability, limited oral bioavailability, and delivery across barriers.
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