TFF3 vs DPDPE
Head-to-head comparison of TFF3 (Trefoil Factor 3 (intestinal trefoil factor)) and DPDPE ([D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin) — benefits, dosing, side effects, research data, and where to buy.
| Property | TFF3 | DPDPE |
|---|---|---|
| Category | Gastrointestinal | Pain Management |
| Full Name | Trefoil Factor 3 (intestinal trefoil factor) | [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin |
| Molecular Weight | 6370 Da | 645.79 Da |
| Half-Life | unknown; likely short in circulation | 15-60 minutes in plasma |
| Amino Acids | 59 | 5 |
| Typical Dose | research-only; model-dependent microgram to milligram ranges | 0.01-1 ug per animal |
| Route | Oral/Intrarectal | Intrathecal / intracerebroventricular |
| Purity | ≥98% | ≥98% |
| Studies Count | 70 | 800 |
| Research Status | Pre-clinical | Pre-clinical |
TFF3 Benefits
- ✓epithelial-restitution
- ✓mucus-support
- ✓wound-healing
- ✓barrier-stability
DPDPE Benefits
- ✓delta-opioid selectivity
- ✓improved conformational stability
- ✓analgesic receptor mapping
- ✓useful in chronic pain models
TFF3 Dosing
preclinical dosing varies widely by model|local or systemic administration|repeated dosing for inflammatory injury studies
DPDPE Dosing
Intrathecal 0.01-1 ug per animal|Intracerebroventricular 0.01-0.5 ug per animal|In vitro 0.1-20 nM
TFF3 Side Effects
- ⚠limited human dosing data
- ⚠protein stability issues
- ⚠potential immunogenicity with exogenous use
DPDPE Side Effects
- ⚠sedation
- ⚠nausea-like opioid effects
- ⚠tolerance with repeated dosing
Research Overview
TFF3
TFF3 is a well-established mucosal repair factor in the literature, especially in the context of intestinal injury and inflammation. Experimental studies support a role in accelerating restitution and protecting the epithelial surface in gut disease models.
DPDPE
DPDPE is widely cited in opioid pharmacology because it helped establish the functional role of delta-opioid receptors in pain control. Its constrained structure is also used to explore how peptide cyclization changes potency, stability, and tissue selectivity.
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