DPDPE vs Ziconotide

Head-to-head comparison of DPDPE ([D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin) and Ziconotide (ω-Conotoxin MVIIA (ziconotide)) — benefits, dosing, side effects, research data, and where to buy.

Research Score

PropertyDPDPEZiconotide
CategoryPain ManagementPain Management
Full Name[D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalinω-Conotoxin MVIIA (ziconotide)
Molecular Weight645.79 Da2639.1 Da
Half-Life15-60 minutes in plasmaapproximately 4.5 hours
Amino Acids525
Typical Dose0.01-1 ug per animal0.5-19.2 mcg/day
RouteIntrathecal / intracerebroventricularIntrathecal
Purity≥98%≥98%
Studies Count800500
Research StatusPre-clinicalApproved

DPDPE Benefits

  • delta-opioid selectivity
  • improved conformational stability
  • analgesic receptor mapping
  • useful in chronic pain models

Ziconotide Benefits

  • strong non-opioid analgesia
  • effective for refractory neuropathic pain
  • opioid-sparing option
  • intrathecal delivery allows targeted action

DPDPE Dosing

Intrathecal 0.01-1 ug per animal|Intracerebroventricular 0.01-0.5 ug per animal|In vitro 0.1-20 nM

Ziconotide Dosing

start 0.5 mcg/day intrathecal|titrate by 0.5 mcg/day no more than 2 times weekly|max 19.2 mcg/day in labeling

DPDPE Side Effects

  • sedation
  • nausea-like opioid effects
  • tolerance with repeated dosing

Ziconotide Side Effects

  • dizziness
  • confusion
  • ataxia

Research Overview

DPDPE

DPDPE is widely cited in opioid pharmacology because it helped establish the functional role of delta-opioid receptors in pain control. Its constrained structure is also used to explore how peptide cyclization changes potency, stability, and tissue selectivity.

Ziconotide

Clinical studies and post-marketing data support ziconotide as an analgesic for severe chronic pain that does not respond to conventional therapy. Research focuses on balancing analgesic efficacy with neuropsychiatric tolerability and careful dose titration.

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Common Stacking Partners

DPDPE stacks with:

morphinegabapentin

Ziconotide stacks with:

BaclofenClonidineBupivacaine
cyclic-peptidedelta-opioidanalgesiaenkephalin-analogN-type calcium channel blockerneuropathic painnon-opioidintrathecal