Endomorphin-1 vs Ziconotide
Head-to-head comparison of Endomorphin-1 (Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2) and Ziconotide (ω-Conotoxin MVIIA (ziconotide)) — benefits, dosing, side effects, research data, and where to buy.
Research Score
| Property | Endomorphin-1 | Ziconotide |
|---|---|---|
| Category | Pain Management | Pain Management |
| Full Name | Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2 | ω-Conotoxin MVIIA (ziconotide) |
| Molecular Weight | 610.71 Da | 2639.1 Da |
| Half-Life | Minutes in plasma | approximately 4.5 hours |
| Amino Acids | 4 | 25 |
| Typical Dose | 0.1-10 ug per animal | 0.5-19.2 mcg/day |
| Route | Intrathecal / subcutaneous | Intrathecal |
| Purity | ≥98% | ≥98% |
| Studies Count | 600 | 500 |
| Research Status | Pre-clinical | Approved |
Endomorphin-1 Benefits
- ✓mu-opioid selectivity
- ✓potent antinociception
- ✓endogenous peptide scaffold
- ✓useful for receptor-discovery studies
Ziconotide Benefits
- ✓strong non-opioid analgesia
- ✓effective for refractory neuropathic pain
- ✓opioid-sparing option
- ✓intrathecal delivery allows targeted action
Endomorphin-1 Dosing
Intrathecal 0.1-10 ug per animal|Subcutaneous 0.1-5 ug per animal|In vitro 0.1-100 nM
Ziconotide Dosing
start 0.5 mcg/day intrathecal|titrate by 0.5 mcg/day no more than 2 times weekly|max 19.2 mcg/day in labeling
Endomorphin-1 Side Effects
- ⚠respiratory depression at high exposure
- ⚠sedation
- ⚠tolerance and dependence potential
Ziconotide Side Effects
- ⚠dizziness
- ⚠confusion
- ⚠ataxia
Research Overview
Endomorphin-1
Endomorphin-1 is a key research peptide in studies of endogenous mu-opioid signaling and spinal analgesia. Like other peptide analgesics, its main translational hurdles are enzymatic instability, limited oral bioavailability, and delivery across barriers.
Ziconotide
Clinical studies and post-marketing data support ziconotide as an analgesic for severe chronic pain that does not respond to conventional therapy. Research focuses on balancing analgesic efficacy with neuropsychiatric tolerability and careful dose titration.
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