C-peptide vs Endomorphin-1
Head-to-head comparison of C-peptide (Connecting peptide (C-peptide)) and Endomorphin-1 (Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2) — benefits, dosing, side effects, research data, and where to buy.
Research Score
| Property | C-peptide | Endomorphin-1 |
|---|---|---|
| Category | Pain Management | Pain Management |
| Full Name | Connecting peptide (C-peptide) | Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2 |
| Molecular Weight | 3020.3 Da | 610.71 Da |
| Half-Life | ~20-30 min | Minutes in plasma |
| Amino Acids | 31 | 4 |
| Typical Dose | no approved analgesic dose|research-only | 0.1-10 ug per animal |
| Route | IV|subQ | Intrathecal / subcutaneous |
| Purity | ≥98% | ≥98% |
| Studies Count | 46 | 600 |
| Research Status | Pre-clinical | Pre-clinical |
C-peptide Benefits
- ✓diabetic neuropathy research
- ✓nerve function support
- ✓possible analgesic effect
Endomorphin-1 Benefits
- ✓mu-opioid selectivity
- ✓potent antinociception
- ✓endogenous peptide scaffold
- ✓useful for receptor-discovery studies
C-peptide Dosing
0.5-1.0 mg/day in research|route varies by protocol
Endomorphin-1 Dosing
Intrathecal 0.1-10 ug per animal|Subcutaneous 0.1-5 ug per animal|In vitro 0.1-100 nM
C-peptide Side Effects
- ⚠injection-site reactions
- ⚠unknown long-term safety
Endomorphin-1 Side Effects
- ⚠respiratory depression at high exposure
- ⚠sedation
- ⚠tolerance and dependence potential
Research Overview
C-peptide
C-peptide is not an approved analgesic, but multiple studies have examined its effects on peripheral nerve blood flow and neuropathy outcomes. The strongest relevance is in diabetic neuropathic pain rather than migraine.
Endomorphin-1
Endomorphin-1 is a key research peptide in studies of endogenous mu-opioid signaling and spinal analgesia. Like other peptide analgesics, its main translational hurdles are enzymatic instability, limited oral bioavailability, and delivery across barriers.
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