GPE vs IGF-2
Head-to-head comparison of GPE (Glycyl-L-prolyl-L-glutamic acid) and IGF-2 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor II) — benefits, dosing, side effects, research data, and where to buy.
| Property | GPE | IGF-2 |
|---|---|---|
| Category | Cognitive Enhancement | Cognitive Enhancement |
| Full Name | Glycyl-L-prolyl-L-glutamic acid | Insulin-Like Growth Factor II |
| Molecular Weight | 301.30 Da | 7467 Da |
| Half-Life | minutes | 6-10 minutes |
| Amino Acids | 3 | 67 aa |
| Typical Dose | 0.1-10 mg/kg preclinical | 1-10 µg preclinical range |
| Route | Intranasal/Intracerebroventricular | Intranasal |
| Purity | ≥98% | ≥98% |
| Studies Count | 25 | 1200 |
| Research Status | Pre-clinical | Pre-clinical |
GPE Benefits
- ✓memory consolidation
- ✓neuroprotection
- ✓synaptic plasticity
- ✓learning support
IGF-2 Benefits
- ✓memory consolidation
- ✓hippocampal plasticity
- ✓synaptic repair
- ✓neuroprotection
GPE Dosing
intranasal or ICV research doses|0.1-10 mg/kg preclinical range|repeat daily or intermittent protocols
IGF-2 Dosing
0.1-1 µg ICV in rodents|1-10 µg intrahippocampal in preclinical work|acute post-training protocols
GPE Side Effects
- ⚠limited human safety data
- ⚠short half-life
- ⚠local irritation with nasal delivery
IGF-2 Side Effects
- ⚠hypoglycemia risk
- ⚠edema
- ⚠insulin-like systemic effects
Research Overview
GPE
Preclinical studies suggest GPE can reduce neuronal damage and support plasticity-related pathways in the brain. Research interest centers on hippocampal function, which links it to learning and memory paradigms.
IGF-2
IGF-2 has strong preclinical evidence for improving memory formation and supporting synaptic changes tied to learning. It also shows neuroprotective and repair-related effects in models of injury and neurodegeneration.
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