Neuropeptide S vs Elamipretide
Head-to-head comparison of Neuropeptide S (Neuropeptide S) and Elamipretide (Elamipretide (MTP-131, SS-31)) — benefits, dosing, side effects, research data, and where to buy.
Research Score
| Property | Neuropeptide S | Elamipretide |
|---|---|---|
| Category | Cognitive Enhancement | Muscle & Performance |
| Full Name | Neuropeptide S | Elamipretide (MTP-131, SS-31) |
| Molecular Weight | 2203 Da | 639.8 Da |
| Half-Life | Minutes to <1 hour | 1-4 hours |
| Amino Acids | 20 | 4 |
| Typical Dose | Research-only; no validated human dose | 0.01-0.25 mg/kg/day |
| Route | Intracerebroventricular/Intranasal | Subcutaneous/Intravenous |
| Purity | ≥98% | ≥98% |
| Studies Count | 28 | 120 |
| Research Status | Pre-clinical | Clinical |
Neuropeptide S Benefits
- ✓anxiolysis
- ✓stress resilience
- ✓attention support
- ✓arousal modulation
Elamipretide Benefits
- ✓mitochondrial protection
- ✓reduced oxidative stress
- ✓improved fatigue resistance
- ✓may support exercise tolerance
Neuropeptide S Dosing
0.1-1 nmol i.c.v. in animal studies|intranasal research-only exploration|no established human protocol
Elamipretide Dosing
0.01-0.25 mg/kg/day SC (clinical research)|daily dosing in trials|alternative IV protocols in some studies
Neuropeptide S Side Effects
- ⚠sleep disruption
- ⚠headache
- ⚠jitteriness
Elamipretide Side Effects
- ⚠nausea
- ⚠injection-site reactions
- ⚠diarrhea
- ⚠headache
Research Overview
Neuropeptide S
Animal studies suggest NPS can reduce anxiety-like behavior while altering wakefulness and alertness through the NPS receptor system. Human cognitive data are very limited, and it has no approved clinical indication.
Elamipretide
Clinical and translational studies show elamipretide can improve mitochondrial function and some functional endpoints in mitochondrial disorders. Skeletal muscle research suggests benefits are driven by energy metabolism rather than direct muscle-building effects.
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